Medical technology

Exoscalpel

• High-precision version of a laser scalpel for more precise surgeries (TNG: "Ethics"; VOY: "Message in a Bottle"; DS9 Novel: Mission Gamma: Cathedral)

Fiber-enhancer

• Known by 22nd century (ENT Novel: Kobayashi Maru)
• Presumably used to improve nerve conductivity or functionality (ENT Novel: Kobayashi Maru)

Laser scalpel

• Standard low-precision medical cutting tool (TNG: "The Host"; DS9: "Invasive Procedures", "The Alternate"; VOY: "Dark Frontier", "Imperfection"; TNG Novel: Vendetta)

Microscalpel

• Known by 22nd century (ENT Novel: Kobayashi Maru)
• Presumably hand-wielded cutting implement used for microsurgery (ENT Novel: Kobayashi Maru)